What is the primary function of active components in an electrical circuit?

The primary function of active components in an electrical circuit is to introduce power into the circuit. Active components, such as transistors, diodes, and operational amplifiers, have the capability to control and amplify electrical signals, which allows them to add energy to a circuit. This power can be used to drive loads, switch signals, or modify signal characteristics, thereby enabling the circuit to perform its intended function.

In contrast, passive components, like resistors and capacitors, do not provide energy; instead, they resist the flow of current, store energy temporarily, or release it without amplifying or controlling the overall energy in the system. Active components differ significantly from passive ones by their ability to manipulate power levels and actively participate in the dynamics of the circuit, making them essential for functions like amplification, signal processing, and power regulation.