What is the main function of circuit breakers in an electrical system?

The main function of circuit breakers in an electrical system is to automatically interrupt electrical flow in case of overload or fault conditions. This protective device acts as a safeguard for both the electrical circuit and connected equipment. When an excess of current flows through the circuit, often due to a fault such as a short circuit or overload, the circuit breaker detects this abnormality and opens the circuit. This action prevents damage to wires, appliances, and reduces the risk of fire or electrical hazards.

In contrast to transformation, regulation, or measurement functions, circuit breakers primarily serve as protective devices. They do not transform electrical energy like transformers, nor do they regulate voltage levels in the way voltage regulators do, and they do not measure current flow as ammeters do. Their core purpose lies in ensuring the safety and reliability of electrical systems by interrupting the current when necessary, thus highlighting their critical role in electrical engineering and system design.