What frequency is preferred for power in aircraft applications for efficiency and weight considerations?

In aircraft applications, the preferred frequency for power distribution is 400 Hz. This choice is primarily driven by several key factors related to efficiency and weight considerations.

At higher frequencies, such as 400 Hz, the size of electrical components such as transformers and motors can be significantly reduced. This is because the reactance of coils (inductance) decreases at higher frequencies, allowing for smaller cores and lighter materials to be used without compromising performance. Consequently, this not only saves weight but also enhances the overall power efficiency of the system.

Additionally, aircraft systems benefit from using higher frequencies as they allow for lighter and more compact power distribution systems. Transforming power at a greater frequency reduces the amount of copper wire needed for transmission, resulting in reduced weight and complexity within the aircraft's electrical systems. This is critical in aviation, where weight savings can have a direct impact on fuel efficiency and overall performance.

In contrast, frequencies like 60 Hz and 120 Hz are commonly used in residential and commercial power systems but are less efficient in achieving the weight and size benefits necessary for aircraft. Higher frequencies, such as 1000 Hz, can lead to increased losses in certain components and are not widely adopted in practical aircraft systems due to the challenges they present in design