What determines whether a generator is classified as lap or wave wound?

A generator is classified as lap or wave wound based on the configuration of its armature winding. In a lap winding, the conductors are interconnected in such a way that each coil overlaps the next one, which allows for a larger number of parallel paths for the armature current. This results in a more robust design suitable for low voltage, high current applications.

In contrast, a wave winding has coils that are arranged in a manner that they do not overlap in the same way as in lap winding. Instead, the coils are spread over the entire armature, forming a winding pattern that resembles a wave. This design typically provides a higher voltage output and is suitable for high voltage, low current applications.

The distinction between lap and wave winding directly influences the performance characteristics of the generator. Therefore, understanding the type of armature winding is crucial in correctly categorizing the generator and predicting its electrical behavior under various operating conditions. Other factors mentioned, such as field excitation source, generator efficiency, and short shunt connection, do not fundamentally determine the classification of the winding itself.